The structure of intelligence in children with specific learning disabilities is different as compared to typically development children

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Specific learning disorder WISC-IV General Ability Index Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient Cognitive profile of children with a SLD Theories of intelligence Children with specific learning disabilities (SLDs) are characterized by a poor academic achievement despite an average intelligence. They are therefore typically assessed not only with achievement tests, but also with intelligence tests, usually the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). The assumption of a discrepancy between IQ and achievement in children with SLD has been questioned, however, and the implications of using different measures in batteries of intellectual subtests have not been thoroughly investigated. The present study examined these issues, taking advantage of a large database of scores obtained in the ten core subtests of the WISC-IV by a group of 910 Italian children with a clinical diagnosis of SLD, who were compared with the children considered for national standardization purposes. Our results support the doubts raised concerning the IQ-achievement discrepancy model, showing that relevant discrepancies can emerge even within the WISC profile. The four main WISC-IV indexes were found differently related to intelligence (measured by means of the g-factor) and the g content of many subtests differed in children with SLD vis-à-vis typically-developing children. These results have important implications both theoretical, indicating that the g-factor is weakly identified in children with SLD children, and practical, indicating that the QI obtained with the WISC-IV may not be a good measure of intellectual functioning for children with SLD, which are discussed. Intelligence is one of the most important and most often assessed constructs in psychology (Gottfredson, 1997a). It has been demonstrated , for instance, that intelligence tests such as the WISC, the WAIS and the Raven progressive matrices are among the psychological tests most commonly used in Europe, taking first, second and fourth places, respectively (Evers et al., 2012). This may be due to the importance of intelligence, which is also confirmed by the fact that intelligence can predict important academic and occupational outcomes, and performance in everyday life (e. which is the latest version to become available in many countries, is one of most often used psychological tests. The popularity of the WISC-IV is probably due to the fact that it is relatively quick to administer and it measures important cognitive factors of relevance to the assessment of both typical populations and clinical groups (Prifitera, Saklofske, & Weiss, …